Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder.
Tumor and Post-Chemotherapy
A tumor is a mass of tissue that’s formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. When a tumor occurs in your brain it can cause damage to sensitive brain tissue as it grows and compresses brain tissue. Surgery can add to the risk of lasting brain injuries. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes have also been an increasing concern among cancer survivors. Post-chemotherapy cognitive changes frequently include problems in attention, concentration, working memory, and executive function.
Infectious Disease
Your brain, spinal cord, and its surrounding structures can become infected by a large spectrum of germs. Bacteria and viruses are the most common offenders. Parasites, fungi, and other organisms can infect the central nervous system (CNS), although more rarely. The infecting germ causes an inflammation of the affected area and depending on the location of the infection, different names are given to the diseases: Meningitis, Encephalitis, Myelitis, Abscess.
Lack of Oxygen
Hypoxic-ischemic injury, also known as HII or stagnant anoxia occurs when some internal event prevents enough oxygen-rich blood from reaching the brain. While strokes and cardiac arrhythmia can both result in HII, the most frequent cause is cardiac arrest. Strangulation from a physical or domestic assault is also documented to have caused TBI from lack of oxygen.